Plastic and biomedical waste disposal is a serious concern in India. Plastic waste has a huge adverse impact on us and the environment as well. The development of various new technologies are running continuously to minimize their adverse effects. Incineration is the current most accepted technology for plastic and biomedical waste treatment. However, due to some shortcomings, it is strongly opposed by various organizations.

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In India, FCIPT, Institute for Plasma Research develops a safer and cleaner technology i.e. plasma pyrolysis. Plasma pyrolysis is recommended to treat plastic waste because:-

• Plastic has high calorific value.
• Surplus energy recovery is possible from the system.

As plasma pyrolysis is currently a new ray of hope for us for plastic and bio-medical waste treatment. As energy recovery is possible, it is also economically viable. In this blog, I&#;ll tell you about plasma pyrolysis, Its treatment process, and the advantages and disadvantages of plasma pyrolysis. 

First of all, I would like to mention the main components of the technology i.e. plasma and pyrolysis. So, buckle up sweeties and let&#;s get started.

Plasma And Pyrolysis

Plasma is the fourth state of matter after solid, liquid, gas. Plasma&#;s core temperature is  20,000°K. These are used in this technology for bond dissociation. 

Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of organic materials at an upraised temperature in the absence of oxygen. The word is derived from the Greek language, &#;pyro&#; means fire and &#;lysis&#; means separation. 

Now, let&#;s take a look at the technology.

What is Plasma Pyrolysis 

During the early &#;s, plasma pyrolysis emerged which destroys plastic, medical, and other hazardous waste safely. Plasma pyrolysis is an extreme thermal process for the disintegration of organic compounds into gasses and unreachable solid residue. It is done in an oxygen starved condition. Organic compounds are degraded into syngas. 

Electric arc of plasma torches. Source: Wikipedia

Plasma torches powered by electric arcs are used for the ionization of gas which catalyzes organic matter to syngas and slug. Commercial use of this technique as a waste treatment technology is tested on many compounds like:

• Biomass

• Medical waste 

• Industrial waste

• Refuse-derived waste

• Plastic waste

• Hazardous waste

• Solid hydrocarbons such as coal, oil sand, oil shale, pet coke, etc. 

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Plasma Pyrolysis of Plastic and Bio-medical waste

Plasma torch and electric supply are responsible for making hot plasmas. Small plasma torches have inert gasses like argon, while large torches use nitrogen. Non-transferred types of arc are selected for organic waste treatment. Graphite plasma torches are used for plastic treatment. 

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Source: CPCB

Plasma torches have three graphite electrodes i.e. one anode and two cathodes. Electrodes are connected with the power supply. Torches convert electrical energy into heat energy. Range of torch temperature is 2,000 to 14,000 °C (3,600 to 25,200 °F). Temperature is responsible for plasma structure and forming gas. 

In the primary chamber, pyrolysis takes place at a high temperature. The temperature of the primary chamber is >ºC near the pyrolysis zone and >650ºC close to the chamber wall. After preheating, waste is decomposed into an inert atmosphere (no oxygen). Gases like methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen are produced.

In the secondary chamber, one electrically operated igniter is mounted. It is to ignite the combustible gases coming from the primary chamber. The combustion of gases increases the temperature up to 800-°C. The product gas formed after the reaction is mainly carbon dioxide and water. These gases are released into the atmosphere by an induced draft fan.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Plasma Pyrolysis

There are more pros than cons of this technology. Some of them I&#;m mentioning below.

Advantages and disadvantages of plasma pyrolysisAdvantages of plasma pyrolysis

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Advantages of Plasma Pyrolysis

The main advantage of this technology are:-

• It prevents hazardous waste from reaching landfills.

• It has no harmful emission of toxic gases.

• Firm slag produced by the process can be used in construction.

• Combustible syngas from biomass can be used to generate electric and thermal energy.

• Slag produces value-added products like concentrated metals.

• Hazardous, medical, plastic and many other types of waste are destroyed safely.

• Can be installed at any tourist or hilly locations in the country. 

• Emission of non-toxic gasses.

• Harmful gases like dioxins and furans are not formed.

• Eco-friendly and safe way for waste treatment.

• Have no harmful effect on the environment, except carbon dioxide emission. 

• Better alternative against incineration.

• Plays an important role in waste minimization.

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Disadvantages of Plasma Pyrolysis

The main disadvantage of this technology are:-

• The large initial investment, as compared to present alternatives like incineration and landfills.

• High operation cost compared to incinerators.

• Net energy production is very little or very low. Progressive developments are being run to gain energy recovery.

• Limited plants are available across the country.

• Frequent maintenance is required to ensure proper functioning.

• Wet feedstock should be avoided, as it produces fewer syngas and takes more energy. 

Conclusion

Plasma pyrolysis is one of the leading waste treatment technologies. It destroys waste in a safe and eco-friendly manner. This technique has major pros over incineration. And waste minimization is a great concern, this technology has the upper hand. It resolves the problems associated with non-recyclable and low-grade plastic waste.
Energy recovery development is also being developed that can make these reactors energy efficient. This technology is of considerable significance in the Indian context. To resolve the associated problems with waste treatment, especially in the case of non-recyclable multilayer and disinfected medical plastic waste. We should choose wisely to protect ourselves and our planet.

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If you have any query related to the advantages and disadvantages of Plasma Pyrolysis you can reach out to us. 

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Author

• Andleep Zahra

  Andleep Zahra is a distinguished biotechnologist with a master&#;s degree in biotechnology from V.B.S. Purvanchal University. Renowned for her research and prolific writing on environmental issues, she has carved a niche in environmental conservation, with a particular focus on waste management. Through her insightful articles and blogs, Andleep provides valuable information on addressing environmental challenges and promotes sustainable practices. Her commitment to the field is reflected in her active participation in numerous conferences, workshops, and webinars, where she continually seeks ways to make a tangible impact. Andleep's dedication to environmental advocacy is driven by her belief that increasing waste and its impact on ecosystems and biodiversity is a critical issue that humanity often overlooks. She emphasizes that this challenge will be one of the greatest hurdles for future generations, urging immediate and effective action to safeguard the planet.

Summary

Article Name

Advantages and Disadvantages of Plasma Pyrolysis

Description

Plasma pyrolysis for plastic waste is a novel approach. Here, you will know about the advantages and disadvantages of plasma pyrolysis.

Author

Andleep Zahra

Publisher Name

mywastesolution.com

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There are a lot of plastic products in our life. We only know the convenience of using plastic products, but we seldom think about the pollution it brings. Plastic products not only pollute the environment but also cause a waste of resources. Now more and more people and governments are paying attention to this problem. Plastic pyrolysis plant which can convert waste plastic to oil is a good way to solve this problem.

The main advantage of plastic pyrolysis plant is that it is not only environmentally friendly, but also can produce renewable energy sources such as plastic pyrolysis oil, carbon black and combustible gas. In addition, it has the characteristics of high efficiency, low consumption and high oil yield.

The advantage of plastic pyrolysis plant:

1. Environmentally protection

The smoke removal equipment of plastic pyrolysis plant

Our newly designed plastic pyrolysis plant is equipped with efficient dust removal and deodorization equipment to ensure that the plant will not produce more secondary pollution when treating waste plastic. And the water used in the condensing system is recycled.

2. High efficiency

The reactor and condensing system of plastic pyrolysis plant

The reactor of the plastic pyrolysis plant is designed with 360-degree all-directional thermal insulation layer, which can save the heating heat in the furnace and shorten the pyrolysis time. And the condensing system of the plastic pyrolysis plant adopts the combination of vertical condensation and horizontal condensation which can cool the pyrolysis oil gas more efficiently, thus greatly shortening the cooling time and improving the efficiency of each batch processing.

3. Lower consumption

The non-condensing gas recycling to the reactor of plastic pyrolysis plant

To reduce waste, our plastic pyrolysis plant can return non-condensing gas to the reactor of the plastic pyrolysis plant to assist fuel combustion and save fuel for customers.

4. High oil yield

The design of 360-degree all-directional thermal insulation layer for the reactor allows for a more sufficient pyrolysis reaction and the multistage design for the condensing system makes the oil gas cool fully. All the designs effectively increase the oil yield and improve customer&#;s benefits.

If you are interested in purchasing the plastic pyrolysis plant , please take the above advantages into consideration to help you choose the right machine, or you can contact us directly.

The company is the world’s best Waste Pyrolysis Plant supplier. We are your one-stop shop for all needs. Our staff are highly-specialized and will help you find the product you need.