Basic Manufacturing Knowledge and Product Concepts of ...

The TFT LCD (Thin-Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) is a popular technology used in screens due to its high-quality display, cost efficiency, and customizability. This technology is integral to various devices, including computer monitors, television screens, and mobile phones. TFT LCD screens provide klarere billeder through the use of a backlight, detailed color controls, and electrical systems for managing display functions.

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As product managers involved with terminals or enthusiasts interested in intelligent products, it is crucial to grasp basic manufacturing knowledge and product concepts related to LCDs. This understanding aids in making informed decisions, collaborating effectively with suppliers, and customizing interfaces to meet specific needs.

Such knowledge can significantly enhance your selection process and the communication regarding customizations with your suppliers.

TFT LCD Manufacturing Processes

The production of TFT LCD modules involves multiple stages. From a product perspective, these modules consist of three layers: the backlight unit, electrical system, and light-and-color control system. Manufacturing these involves intricate processes that bring together these components.

Learn more about TFT-LCD: "What are active matrix LCD and TFT-LCD?"

TFT Array Process

The TFT array process is akin to semiconductor crafting. It involves creating the TFT substrate and color filter (CF) substrate through a series of operations like cleaning, coating, applying photoresist, exposure, development, and etching. This process must be repeated multiple times to ensure the quality substrates essential for superior display functions.

Cell Layer Process

In this step, liquid crystal is embedded between the top and bottom substrates formed in the previous stage, resulting in the creation of an LCD panel. The process solidifies the combination through precise bonding and further adjusts to the necessary display sizes.

LCD Module (LCM) Assembly

During the LCM assembly, components like the backlight unit and electrical parts are bonded to the cut-size LCD panel. This integration enables customization in terms of screen size, backlight unit, and electrical system to ensure compatibility with different terminal requirements.

Knowing the manufacturing journey of an LCD module emphasizes the need for understanding key display specifications to ensure optimal performance tailored to your product needs.

8 Key Concepts of LCD and TFT-LCD

"LCDs possess several defining features that should be considered during design and selection processes. Here are some essential concepts.

Size of Screen

Display sizes are measured diagonally from corner to corner of the visible screen area, usually in inches.

Aspect Ratio

The aspect ratio signifies the proportion between the width and height of the display area, commonly used ratios include 4:3, 16:9, etc. Higher aspect ratios offer a more visually comfortable viewing experience.

Active Area (AA)

The active area refers to the actual part of the screen that displays the image, typically noted in terms of width and height for straightforward calculation using screen size and aspect ratio.

Pixel

A pixel is a tiny dot making up a screen’s display, serving as the basic unit of resolution in digital screens.

Pixel Pitch

Pixel pitch measures pixel density per inch on a display. Higher pixel density usually results in better image clarity.

Resolution

Resolution measures image clarity based on the number of horizontal and vertical pixels, typically stated as ‘horizontal pixels × vertical pixels’.

High resolution allows for greater detail and image sharpness on the display.

Power Consumption

Power usage on an LCD is predominantly driven by its backlight component. Larger screens generally consume more power, although energy efficiency methods can be applied to reduce consumption.

Lifespan

The lifespan of an LCD module chiefly revolves around its backlight. Typically, an LCD can last for tens of thousands of hours, equating to over a decade of usage if utilized around 5 hours daily.

8 Key Optical Parameters of TFT LCD

Viewing Angle

The viewing angle refers to the maximum angle from which the screen can be viewed with acceptable visual performance. Higher angles provide better visibility from various positions.

Aperture Ratio

The aperture ratio indicates the effectiveness of each pixel in transmitting light, influencing the brightness and clarity of the display.

Response Time

Response time denotes the speed at which the display changes from one image to another, measured in milliseconds. Faster response times ensure smoother transitions and less blurring.

Luminance (Brightness)

Luminance, sometimes confused with brightness, is the measurement of light intensity per unit area. Higher luminance means a brighter and more vibrant display.

Luminance Uniformity

Luminance uniformity measures the consistency of brightness across the display screen. Higher uniformity typically correlates with better display quality.

Contrast Ratio (CR)

The contrast ratio represents the brightness ratio between the screen's white and black parts. Higher contrast ratios can reveal more detail and deeper blacks in the display.

Color Gamut

The color gamut is the range of colors a display can reproduce. A wider color gamut allows for more vivid and richer colors.

Color Depth

Color depth indicates how many colors a display can show. Greater color depth results in more accurate and intricate color representation.

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