Chinese "stainless," what is it?
May. 06, 2024
Chinese "Stainless," What Is It?
Understanding Chinese Stainless Steel: What Is It?
While Chinese stainless steel might be assumed to be unsuitable for blades, such as 18/8, it often isn't the case. The irony is highlighted by the Husk “traditional,” “Japanese,” “kitchen knives” which are made from such steel and even state this on their packaging.
It could be 5Cr15 or 7Cr17Mov, but probably isn’t. These steels are still marketed in cheap knives and products sold at Walmart, from brands like CRKT to Chinese-made Bucks. Neither of these steels is considered good by current budget market standards. The only acceptable steel of this series is 9Cr18Mov. Companies usually advertise when using this steel, yet strangely, BladeHQ lists knives made from 9Cr18Mov merely as “stainless steel” on their site.
Apparently, 3Cr13 is the usual suspect, a steel often found in $5 Ozark Trail knives at Walmart. This steel is also used for liners or steel frame locks’ bodies. Its edge retention is poor despite basic heat treatment applications. Other possible materials might include 420 or even 2Cr.
Coincidences with Husk “traditional” knives aside, Chinese stainless is frequently disputed, often being falsely advertised. The bare minimum quality steel that can be considered decent is 9Cr18Mov, yet it still isn't the best in the market.
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Comparison Between Chinese and Russian Stainless Steel Products
In light of recent accusations of dumping behavior, a detailed comparison addressing product standards between Chinese stainless steel exports to Russia and domestic Russian products concludes that Chinese products hold a strong competitive market edge. Given Russia’s lagging stainless steel industry, the direct competitiveness with Chinese exports doesn't hold.
1. Comparison of Chemical Composition
China exports several main nickel-containing stainless steel grades to Russia, like 304, 321, 316Ti, 309S, and 310S. Russian standards do not hold equivalent varieties for 309S and 310S. For instance, the steel grade 304, exported by China and tailored to the US or European standards, is compared with Russia’s 08X18H10. The Chinese product contains a lower nickel fraction, reducing its cost by over $200/t compared to Russian steel, while having higher chromium content, boosting its corrosion resistance.
Similarly, 321-grade steel exports, referenced through US standards, outperform Russia's 12X18H10T due to advancements in production technology. For 316Ti exports, with varying nickel compositions, Chinese products again demonstrate significant cost savings over Russian items, further highlighting non-comparable competitiveness.
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2. Comparison of Plate Geometry
2.1 Hot Rolled Coils
Chinese stainless steel hot-rolled coils range from 2-20mm in thickness, whereas Russian industry only manages 3.5-6.0mm. This disparity indicates Russia's inability to produce thicker hot-rolled coils as effectively as China.
2.2 Stainless Steel Hot-Rolled Non-Coil (Flat)
Chinese exports broaden with hot-rolled non-coil specifications, ranging up to 120mm in thickness and lengths up to 12,000mm. In contrast, Russia's capability is limited, unable to match these broad specifications.
2.3 Stainless Steel Cold-Rolled Sheet
Stainless steel cold-rolled sheets exported from China range in thickness from 0.3-8.0mm, widths up to 2000mm, and coil weights exceeding 30t, starkly surpassing Russia's specifications of 0.5-3.0mm thickness, 1300mm width, and 6t coil weight.
3. Other Non-Comparable Factors
China achieves an 83% maximum deformation in stainless steel cold rolling with initial materials as thin as 2mm. Russia manages a 60% deformation with 3.5mm materials, leading to higher costs and less efficiency.
Conclusively, Russia's inability to match the quality, cost efficiency, and technological advancements of Chinese stainless steel leads to unavoidable competitive disadvantages, unrelated to dumping claims.
Author: Zhang Dongling
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