Refractory range for the Tundish

At the beginning of the continuous casting process, the tundish plays a crucial role. It is of utmost importance that the right refractory materials, formula and components are used to ensure a successful process and the desired product quality.

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Over the years, methods for effectively lining the tundish in continuous casting steelmaking operations have progressed to optimise efficiency, increase equipment availability, minimise cost, and reduce energy usage. The tundish is the last piece of processing equipment that encounters molten steel and while historically treated as a simple containment vessel, has evolved to become a key metallurgical vessel for maximising cast steel quality and yield [1].

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Modern tundish wear linings generally fall into one of three categories: Dry-setting (or dry vibratable) mixes, cold-setting (or self-hardening) mixes, and slurry gunning (or sprayable) mixes. Each product category has inherent advantages and disadvantages over the others, both in terms of installation and performance (Table I). Advantages of slurry gunning mixes include their ability to be applied quickly, their lower density, lower specific consumption, higher insulation value, and their flexibility of use. Disadvantages include long dry-out times due to high amounts of water that are needed for proper installation. With this type of product, a working lining thickness can be applied in a variable manner, which can allow for thicker layers to be installed in high-wear areas such as the slag line.

It has also been found that sprayable compositions lead to considerably lower levels of carbon pickup in steel when compared to dry mixes [2,3]. Due to these advantages, this mix type quickly gained in popularity throughout the world after its introduction to the market in the s and it remains one of the most dominant technologies to this day [3,4]. As a result of this popularity throughout the industry, special focus has been given to improving the efficiency of utilising this technology, while also reducing the energy consumption and resulting carbon footprint.