What is Far Infrared Therapy Products and Why Do We Use Them?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of deaths worldwide, refers to any disease affecting the cardiovascular system including cerebral and renal vascular diseases, cardiac disease, and peripheral arterial disease. 14 The most common factors that induce CVD are atherosclerosis and hypertension. Moreover, even in healthy asymptomatic elderly people, various alterations in physiology and morphology affect cardiovascular function and thus result in an increased risk of CVD; 15 thus, determining treatments for curing the disease is imperative.

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Effects of FIR on CVD

Evidence has indicated that FIR rays exert protective effects on CVD. Several weeks of sauna therapy markedly enhanced flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation of the brachial artery (P&#;<&#;0.001),16&#;18 which was associated with an increase in cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance.17,18 Because endothelial dysfunction is typically observed in patients with hypertension,19 hypercholesterolemia,20 diabetes mellitus (DM),21 and obesity and patients who smoke,22 sauna treatments probably play a therapeutic role for patients with coronary risk factors, suggesting that sauna treatments improve vascular endothelial function.

Compelling evidence has indicated that vascular endothelial function is closely associated with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which catalyzes the amino acid L-arginine into L-citrulline and nitric oxide (NO) in the endothelium. NO is a crucial vasodilator substance, which prevents the progression of atherosclerosis by dilating blood vessels and inhibiting some arterial disorders such as platelet aggregation and the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells.23 Ikeda et al. reported that one month of FIR sauna therapy significantly upregulated eNOS mRNA and protein expression (0.73&#;±&#;0.04 vs. 1.02&#;±&#;0.02, P&#;<&#;0.01; &#;±&#;70 vs. &#;±&#;60, P&#;<&#;0.01, respectively) as well as serum NO production (3.98&#;±&#;0.43&#;mmol/L vs. 4.66&#;±&#;0.5&#;mmol/L, P&#;<&#;0.05) in cardiomyopathic hamsters with chronic heart failure (CHF).24 In addition to enhancing eNOS expression, FIR increases NO production probably by promoting the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-mediated phosphorylation of eNOS at serine to increase eNOS activity.25 Although FIR radiation can notably increase the temperature of culture media and intracellular Ca2+ levels, temperature-sensitive calcium channels and transient receptor potential vanilloid may not contribute to the pathway of the CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of eNOS.25 Thus, we propose that the non-thermal effects of FIR radiation, as has been recently shown for other types of non-ionizing radiation,26 may be involved in this pathway by activating voltage-gated calcium channels.27 Nevertheless, all of these mechanisms suggested that upregulating NO production by increasing eNOS expression level and its phosphorylation level is a critical manner in which FIR therapy improves endothelial function in patients with CHF.

Notably, urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (a product of lipid peroxidation) levels were markedly lower in participants with coronary risk factors who received an FIR dry sauna for two weeks compared with those of controls.28 Because 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α is a reliable marker of oxidative stress in vivo, and oxidative stress is involved in the development of atherosclerosis and heart failure,29 the results suggested that repeated FIR ray therapy can reduce oxidative stress,30 preventing the progression of atherosclerosis. Because oxidative stress reduces the bioavailability of NO (free radicals can inactivate NO),31 a reduction in oxidative stress probably indicates an improvement in endothelial function through an increase in NO production.

The enhancement in eNOS expression caused by FIR stimulation may be related with miRNA. Shear stress is crucial to increasing eNOS activity by stimulating its expression.32 All of the aforementioned studies have suggested that FIR therapy accelerates peripheral blood flow, leading to an increase in shear stress, followed by increases in eNOS activity and NO production and upregulation of eNOS expression. Consequently, vascular endothelial function and exercise tolerance are improved.

A previous study reported that miRNAs are essential for various CVDs because depletion in the miRNA-processing enzyme engenders defects in cardiac development and angiogenesis.33 Several studies have revealed that shear stress or FIR can regulate the expression of miRNAs in endothelial cells. For instance, miRNA-21 induced by shear stress in endothelial cells can modulate endothelial cell apoptosis and eNOS activity as well as NO production.34 In one study, miRNA-663 played vital roles in shear stress-induced inflammatory responses by derepressing inflammatory response genes.35 A recent study determined that FIR treatment enhanced the expression of miRNA-31 and miRNA-720, thereby increasing coronary artery disease endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) expression and rescuing the angiogenic and vasculogenic abilities of EPCs both in vitro and in vivo.36 Circulating miRNAs (e.g. miRNA-1, miRNA-17, miRNA-92a, miRNA-126, miRNA-133, and miRNA-145) in the blood cells or serum/plasma have been identified as potential biomarkers of CVD37 and can be used for diagnosing and determining the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction.38 In summary, we suspect that FIR improves the endothelial function of patients with CVD by increasing eNOS and NO levels by promoting shear stress and altering the expression profiles of some circulating miRNAs.

Infrared therapy is a new and innovative light-based method to treat pain and inflammation in various parts of the body. Unlike ultraviolet light, which can damage the skin, infrared light enhances cell regeneration. Infrared light is delivered to the site of injury or inflammation at certain wavelengths, promoting cell repair.

The key characteristic of infrared light is its ability to penetrate even the deep layers of the skin, providing better pain relief. Also, infrared light is safe, natural, non-invasive, and painless. Thus it may be able to provide a broad range of health benefits.

Infrared treatment for rehabilitation orthopedic medical care. Image Credit: VP Photo Studio / Shutterstock

Why is Infrared Therapy Widely Used Today?

Infrared therapy is widely used in the fields of medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and in autoimmune diseases, to name a few. The therapy is safe and natural, which enables it to be offered as an alternative treatment for various health conditions like muscle pain, joint stiffness, and arthritis, to name a few.

Infrared therapy has many roles in the human body. These include detoxification, pain relief, reduction of muscle tension, relaxation, improved circulation, weight loss, skin purification, lowered side effects of diabetes, boosting of the immune system and lowering of blood pressure.

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What are the Health Benefits of Infrared Therapy?

Cardiovascular Health

One of the key health benefits of infrared therapy is improvement in cardiovascular health. Infrared light increases the production of nitric oxide, a vital signaling molecule that is important for the health of blood vessels. This molecule helps relax the arteries and prevents blood from clotting and clumping in the vessels. Aside from these, it also combats free radicals to prevent oxidative stress and regulate blood pressure.

Nitric oxide is essential in improving blood circulation, which provides more oxygen and nutrients to injured tissues. Thus, infrared light hastens wound healing and stimulates the regeneration of injured tissues, reducing inflammation and pain.

Pain and Inflammation

Infrared therapy is an effective and safe remedy for pain and inflammation. It can penetrate deep through the layers of the skin, to the muscles and bones. Since infrared therapy enhances and improves circulation in the skin and other parts of the body, it can bring oxygen and nutrients to injured tissues, promoting healing. It helps ease pain, relieve inflammation, and protect against oxidative stress.

Muscular Injuries

Infrared therapy improves the action of the mitochondria within cells, thus triggering the growth and repair of new muscles cells and tissues. In other words, infrared light can hasten the repair process after a muscle injury.

Detoxification

Infrared therapy can be applied through saunas. Detoxifications are important since they may strengthen the immune system. At the same time, detoxification aid biochemical processes to function properly, improving food digestion. In infrared saunas, the body&#;s core temperature increases, leading to detoxification at the cellular level.

Potential Cancer Cure

Infrared therapy is a potentially viable cancer treatment. Studies show significant activation of nanoparticles when they are exposed to infrared radiation, rendering them highly toxic to surrounding cancer cells. One such modality is photoimmunotherapy, using a conjugated antibody- photoabsorber complex that binds to cancer cells.

Killing Cancer Cells with the Help of Infrared Light - Photoimmunotherapy

What are the Risks Linked to Infrared Therapy?

Each day, humans are immersed in infrared radiation from the sun in the form of heat. In fact, infrared saunas are in-demand today, but experts warn of possible health risks. Thermal or heat injuries can happen, depending on the wavelength of the infrared light. Thermal injury can occur even without pain. Also, pregnant women, people with heart diseases, and those who are sick should never undergo infrared therapy.

Moreover, experts warn against using infrared therapy to treat chronic diseases while neglecting the use of medications and recommended treatment procedures. Though infrared therapy promises many health benefits, its study is far from complete. At present, therefore, it should be considered an adjunct to medical treatment, and other regimens should be continued as prescribed.

Further Reading

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