Why Use Finned Tubes?

Finned tubes are used in applications involving the transfer of heat from a hot fluid to a colder fluid through a tube wall. The rate at which such heat transfer can occur depends on three factors: (1) the temperature difference between the two fluids; (2) the heat transfer coefficient between each of the fluids and the tube wall; and (3) the surface area to which each fluid is exposed. In the case of a bare (unfinned) tubes, where the outside surface area is not significantly greater than the inside surface area, the fluid with the lowest heat transfer coefficient will dictate the overall heat transfer rate. When the heat transfer coefficient of the fluid inside the tube is several times larger than that of fluid outside the tube (for example steam inside and oil outside), the overall heat transfer rate can be greatly improved by increasing the outside surface of the tube. In mathematical terms, the product of heat transfer coefficient for the outside fluid multiplied by the outside surface area is made to more closely match the product of the inside fluid heat transfer coefficient multiplied by the inside surface area.

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“The whole concept of finned tubes is to increase the outside surface area of the tube.”

So the whole concept of finned tubes is to increase the outside surface area of the tube. As an example, a finned tube configuration of 2” (nominal, 2.375” actual) pipe with a ¾” high welded helical solid fin of 12 gauge thickness with 6 fins per inch has an outside surface area of 8.23 sq. ft. per linear foot; whereas the same bare pipe has an outside surface area of only .62 sq. ft. per linear foot. That is a 13X increase in outside surface area. See Design Information for extensive tables of surface areas and fin weights.

“In many cases, one finned tube replaces six or more bare tubes at less than 1/3 the cost and 1/4 the volume.”

By increasing the outside surface area of the tube, the overall heat transfer rate is increased, thereby reducing the total number of tubes required for a given application. This reduces the overall equipment size and the cost of the project. In many cases, one finned tube replaces six or more bare tubes at less than 1/3 the cost and ¼ the volume.

It’s no secret that finned tubes are core components of heat exchangers. After the product’s initial conception nearly a century ago, they continue to be in high demand among buyers. Surely there must be a reason, right?

Dura-G Embedded Finned Tube

The Beginnings of Efficiency

In 1933, Edward G. Lehman had a vision: create an efficient way to increase the contact area with external fluid and improve heat transfer coefficients. The Pennsylvania-based inventor received his first patent in September 1934, only to perfect his craft in April 1937. Today, we can find finned tubes in industrial settings, office buildings, and even our own homes.

Finned tubes are typically manufactured using one of four metallic elements, each with their own unique advantages and a variety of applications.

Stainless steel: Ideal for corrosive conditions and/or a high temperature.

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Carbon steel: Ideal for high temperature applications where corrosion is not an issue.

Aluminum: Ideal for a high heat transfer rate in Air Cooling applications.

Copper: Ideal for the most efficient high heat transfer rate with common metals.

Many finned tubes are also manufactured using alloys.

A Finned Tube Here, A Finned Tube There

From heated pools and hot tubs to industrial boilers, finned tubes are working their science. Some finned tubes offer multiple functions for increased productivity. In addition to providing hot water for residential and commercial consumers, industrial boilers serve the space heating needs of chilly tenants in apartment buildings, office buildings, and warehouses. Heated pools and hot tubs use hot water from a boiler to keep the chlorinated water at a cozy temperature. There you have it. Finned tubes are used in many ways that improve your life.

Finned Tubes Are Cool

It’s no secret that the capabilities of a finned tube heat exchanger are enough to pique the interest of buyers. Dry cooling is increasing in popularity, primarily due to excess water usage in steam power plants. Many plants are implementing the use of air-cooled heat exchangers to cool the process steam.

Condensers are the hub of outdoor air conditioning units and refrigerators. Through the process of heat transfer, a high-pressure gas (refrigerant) converts to a liquid for effective cooling. Yeah, finned tubes are pretty cool.

Finned Tubes Save Money And Resources

The only alternative to a finned tube is a bare metal tube – an inefficient, resource-depleting method that wreaks havoc among the wallets of consumers and plant operations. Along with the promotion of excess water usage in steam power plants, finless tubes can’t take the heat – literally. In comparison with finned tubes, the lack of surface area creates a relatively low range of temperatures.

A 2012 comparative analysis determined a finned tube’s shell is lesser than that of a finless tube, ultimately saving sheet material and decreasing spending. If the higher cost of material isn’t enough to deter buyers, finless tubes tend to have issues withstanding intense working conditions for prolonged periods of time. Bottom line: finned tube heat exchangers are more eco-friendly and durable.

Edward G. Lehman’s design continues to prove its efficiency. At Energy Transfer, we believe in upholding his legacy by manufacturing only the most robust of finned tubes for optimal performance. Click here to request a quote, or give us a call at 330-868-3060. One of our representatives will be happy to assist.

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