What is kaolin powder and Why Do We Use Them?

Albert KS, Ayres JW, DiSanto AR, et al. Influence of kaolin-pectin suspension on digoxin bioavailability. J Pharm Sc ;67:-6. View abstract.

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Albert KS, et al. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a drug interaction between kaolin-pectin and clindamycin. J Pharm Sci 67:-82. View abstract.

Allen MD, Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Smith TW. Effect of magnesium-aluminum hydroxide and kaolin-pectin on absorption of digoxin from tablets and capsules. J Clin Pharmacol ;21:26-30. View abstract.

Altekruse EB, Chaudhary BA, Pearson MG, Morgan WK. Kaolin dust concentrations and pneumoconiosis at a kaolin mine. Thorax ;39:436-41. View abstract.

Attarha BO, Mikulic S, Harris C, Scolapio JS. Kaolin Clay Anemia. Cureus ;13(3):e. View abstract.

Babhair SA, Tariq M. Effect of magnesium trisilicate and kaolin-pectin on the bioavailability of trimethoprim. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol ;40:165-8. View abstract.

Barker G, Loftus L, Cuddy P, Barker B. The effects of sucralfate suspension and diphenhydramine syrup plus kaolin-pectin on radiotherapy-induced mucositis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol ;71:288-93. View abstract.

Black RA, Hill DA. Over-the-counter medications in pregnancy. Am Fam Physician ;67:-24. View abstract.

Bucci AJ, Myre SA, Tan HS, Shenouda LS. In vitro interaction of quinidine with kaolin and pectin. J Pharm Sci ;70:999-. View abstract.

Carnel SB, Blakeslee DB, Oswald SG, Barnes M. Treatment of radiation- and chemotherapy-induced stomatitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg ;102:326-30. View abstract.

Chaudhary BA, Kanes GJ, Pool WH. Pleural thickening in mild kaolinosis. South Med J ;90:-9. View abstract.

Chávez-Delgado ME, Kishi-Sutto CV, Albores de la-Riva XN, Rosales-Cortes M, Gamboa-Sánchez P. Topic usage of kaolin-impregnated gauze as a hemostatic in tonsillectomy. J Surg Res. ;192(2):678-85. View abstract.

Chiang CY, Chang WT, Ho CH, et al. Radial artery occlusion with a kaolin-filled pad after transradial cardiac catheterization. Medicine (Baltimore) ;97(46):e. doi: 10./MD.. View abstract.

Cripps MW, Cornelius CC, Nakonezny PA, et al. In vitro effects of a kaolin-coated hemostatic dressing on anticoagulated blood. J Trauma Acute Care Surg ;85(3):485-90. doi: 10./TA.. View abstract.

Dokoupil M, Marecová K, Handlos P, Brezina P. Death of a female prostitute due to intestinal obstruction by an unknown substance. J Forensic Sci ;64(1):289-91. doi: 10./-.. View abstract.

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182

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Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 335 - Antidiarrheal drug products for over-the-counter human use. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=335.50

FDA Safety Page. Kaopectate reformulation and upcoming labeling changes. Drug Topics. April 9, . Available at: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/MedicationErrors/ucm.pdf.

Federal Register April 17,. Anti-Diarrheal Products for over-the-counter human use; final monograph. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/03-.pdf (Accessed 27 December ).

Hwang YG, Lee JW, Won EA, Han SH. Prospective Randomized Controlled Study of Hemostatic Efficacy with Kaolin-Impregnated Dressings in Diabetic Foot Ulcers Taking Anticoagulants Undergoing Debridement in an Outpatient Clinic. J Diabetes Res ;:. View abstract.

Kim K, Shim H, Jung PY, et al. Effectiveness of kaolin-impregnated hemostatic gauze use in preperitoneal pelvic packing for patients with pelvic fractures and hemodynamic instability: A propensity score matching analysis. PLoS One ;15(7):e. View abstract.

Levin JL, Frank AL, Williams MG, et al. Kaolinosis in a cotton mill worker. Am J Ind Med ;29:215-21. View abstract.

Pain S, Fauconneau B, Bouquet E, Vasse-Terrier L, Pérault-Pochat MC. Severe craving associated with kaolin consumption. Eat Weight Disord ;24(2):379-81. doi: 10./s-018--1. View abstract.

Pawel L, Dagmara GL, Pawel M, Bogumil R, Andrzej B, Sebastian S. Efficacy and safety of kaolin-based hemostatic pad vs. standard mechanical compression following transradial and transulnar access for elective coronary angiography and PCI: RAUL trial substudy. Heart Vessels ;35(4):502-508. View abstract.

Rodin SM, Johnson BF. Pharmacokinetic interactions with digoxin. Clin Pharmacokinet ;15:227-44. View abstract.

Trabattoni D, Montorsi P, Fabbiocchi F, Lualdi A, Gatto P, Bartorelli AL. A new kaolin-based haemostatic bandage compared with manual compression for bleeding control after percutaneous coronary procedures. Eur Radiol. ;21(8):-91. View abstract.

kaolin, soft white clay that is an essential ingredient in the manufacture of china and porcelain and is widely used in the making of paper, rubber, paint, and many other products. Kaolin is named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. Samples of kaolin were first sent to Europe by a French Jesuit missionary around as examples of the materials used by the Chinese in the manufacture of porcelain.

In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, which, under the electron microscope, is seen to consist of roughly hexagonal, platy crystals ranging in size from about 0.1 micrometre to 10 micrometres or even larger. These crystals may take vermicular and booklike forms, and occasionally macroscopic forms approaching millimetre size are found. Kaolin as found in nature usually contains varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. In addition, crude kaolin is frequently stained yellow by iron hydroxide pigments. It is often necessary to bleach the clay chemically to remove the iron pigment and to wash it with water to remove the other minerals in order to prepare kaolin for commercial use.

When kaolin is mixed with water in the range of 20 to 35 percent, it becomes plastic (i.e., it can be molded under pressure), and the shape is retained after the pressure is removed. With larger percentages of water, the kaolin forms a slurry, or watery suspension. The amount of water required to achieve plasticity and viscosity varies with the size of the kaolinite particles and also with certain chemicals that may be present in the kaolin. Kaolin has been mined in France, England, Saxony (Germany), Bohemia (Czech Republic), and in the United States, where the best-known deposits are in the southeastern states.

Approximately 40 percent of the kaolin produced is used in the filling and coating of paper. In filling, the kaolin is mixed with the cellulose fibre and forms an integral part of the paper sheet to give it body, colour, opacity, and printability. In coating, the kaolin is plated along with an adhesive on the paper's surface to give gloss, colour, high opacity, and greater printability. Kaolin used for coating is prepared so that most of the kaolinite particles are less than two micrometres in diameter.

Kaolin is used extensively in the ceramic industry, where its high fusion temperature and white burning characteristics makes it particularly suitable for the manufacture of whiteware (china), porcelain, and refractories. The absence of any iron, alkalies, or alkaline earths in the molecular structure of kaolinite confers upon it these desirable ceramic properties. In the manufacture of whiteware the kaolin is usually mixed with approximately equal amounts of silica and feldspar and a somewhat smaller amount of a plastic light-burning clay known as ball clay. These components are necessary to obtain the proper properties of plasticity, shrinkage, vitrification, etc., for forming and firing the ware. Kaolin is generally used alone in the manufacture of refractories.

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