Following the theory, a practical example of how the Dewesoft measurement instruments work will follow. The voltage of the public grid will be measured. The value input voltage of the public grid must be considered to identify what type of amplifier input is needed for the measurement. The public grid in Europe is declared with a value of 230 VRMS but to ensure safe operation of the measurement instruments the peak values of the grid must be considered for the input range. The peak value of the grid in Europe equals the RMS value multiplied by the square root of 2 as seen in the equation below.

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\( 230V_{RMS}\cdot\sqrt{2}\approx325V_{peak} \)

With a peak value of 325 V, we can directly use a Sirius HV-HS module that supports voltage up to 1.6 kV. This means that we can make a simple measurement without any additional voltage dividers or amplifiers and a simple connection as illustrated below. Channel 4 will be used, which has a Sirius HV-HS amplifier integrated into it. The other channels can be left inactive (unused in the software) as they are not relevant to this measurement. The next step is to configure the measurement channel setup in the software as illustrated below.

Image 17: Single-phase voltage connection to a Sirius 4xHV 4xLV

 There are two sides for the set-up window, the left side is the amplifier side and the right side is the sensor side.

Image 18: Channel set up a screen in Dewesoft X

On the Amplifier side, we can toggle between the 50 V and V range. In this example, the V range will be used. A Low-pass filter can also be used to cut off the higher frequencies, but caution should be taken when doing that. If a frequency lower than half of the sample rate is taken it will cut the signal in the measurement range, this might be useful in some applications but mostly this configuration is set by mistake.

The setup on the Sensor side is about selecting which sensor is used for measurement. In this case, the voltage is directly measured without a sensor, so only the physical quantity must be set as Voltage and the unit as Volt (V). In this part of the setup, the scaling factor can also be set if sensors or dividers are used for the measurement. In this case, it will have the value 1 as the voltage is measured directly and no scaling is done.

For this example, the settings are done so the measurement can be started. By clicking on the Measure button. The best way to observe a sinusoidal waveform is with the scope. When the scope is first opened there will be a running wave that is impossible to analyze, this is due to the fact that the software is running in free mode, and the measurement needs to be held somehow. It is recommended to add a trigger on the norm trigger and defining the source and the trigger level. For the purposes of this example, it can be left as it is, as the trigger source is the U1 channel and the level equals 0.

Image 19: Measurement screen of voltage with a simple trigger 

DualCoreADC Mode

In the previous section a lot was said about proper amplifier measurement range selection. Now it's time to take a look at the impressive options offered by the dual core mode in the Sirius amplifiers. When using the Sirius dual-core mode it is possible to get a better resolution (less noise) at low amplitudes. That is solved with two 24-bit AD converters with different ranges on each channel.

The first AD converter has a full input channel range and the range of the second AD converter is only 5% of the full channel range. This technology measures the signal with low and a high gain simultaneously which means that the signal can be measured with a relatively high amplitude but at the same time it has a perfect resolution at low amplitudes of the same signal.

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Let's take a look at the difference between dual core mode and normal mode when measuring low signals with a high range:

Image 20: Enabling the dual core mode in Dewesoft X

In this example a 0.3 V DC signal from the calibrator on two ACC amplifiers will be measured. On both amplifiers, a 10 V range will be chosen (which is complete nonsense) but it's the easiest way to see the difference between dual core mode on or off. This can be toggled in the channel setup where range can also be set.

On the first channel, we will turn Dual core mode off, on the second Dual core mode will be turned on. This will render an image as seen below, where the difference in the noise levels can be seen. The graphs that are seen below are set to have the same scaling.

Image 21: Difference in noise levels with dual core turned off and on

By the noise level, it's not hard to see where dual core mode is doing its job (right), and where it's turned off (left). With dual core mode turned on we get the same noise level in the 10 V measurement range as it would be if we were using 0.5 V range. This gives us a better look at lower signals.

A Comprehensive Guide on Choosing the Right High Voltage Transformer for Your Application

Release time: -01-28

Table of Contents:
1. Introduction: Understanding the Importance of Choosing the Right High Voltage Transformer
2. Understanding High Voltage Transformers: A Brief Overview
3. Factors to Consider When Choosing a High Voltage Transformer
3.1 Voltage Requirements
3.2 Power Rating
3.3 Frequency
3.4 Efficiency and Losses
3.5 Size and Dimensional Constraints
3.6 Insulation and Dielectric Strength
3.7 Cooling Mechanisms
3.8 Safety Standards and Certifications
4. Different Types of High Voltage Transformers
4.1 Step-Up Transformers
4.2 Step-Down Transformers
4.3 Isolation Transformers
4.4 Autotransformers
4.5 Variable Transformers
4.6 Resonant Transformers
5. Application-Specific Considerations
5.1 Medical and Healthcare Applications
5.2 Industrial and Manufacturing Applications
5.3 Power Generation and Distribution Applications
5.4 Research and Laboratory Applications
5.5 Aerospace and Defense Applications
6. FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
6.1 What is the purpose of a high voltage transformer?
6.2 How do I determine the voltage requirements for my application?
6.3 What safety standards should a high voltage transformer comply with?
6.4 Can I customize a high voltage transformer for my specific needs?
6.5 How do I ensure efficient cooling of a high voltage transformer?
7. Conclusion: Making the Right Choice for Your High Voltage Transformer Needs

1. Introduction: Understanding the Importance of Choosing the Right High Voltage Transformer

Choosing the right high voltage transformer is crucial for ensuring optimal performance and safety in various applications. Whether you are designing a power system, conducting experiments in a laboratory, or operating critical medical equipment, selecting the appropriate transformer is essential for reliable and efficient functioning.

2. Understanding High Voltage Transformers: A Brief Overview

High voltage transformers are electrical devices that convert electrical energy from one voltage level to another, typically from a higher voltage to a lower voltage or vice versa. They are essential components in various industries, including power generation, manufacturing, healthcare, and research.

3. Factors to Consider When Choosing a High Voltage Transformer

3.1 Voltage Requirements

Determining the voltage requirements of your application is the first step in choosing the right high voltage transformer. Consider the input and output voltage levels required by your equipment or system. Ensure compatibility between the transformer's voltage ratings and the voltage levels of your application.

3.2 Power Rating

The power rating of a high voltage transformer indicates its capacity to handle electrical power. It is crucial to select a transformer that can handle the maximum power demand of your application without exceeding its limits. Consider factors such as load fluctuations and future expansion needs when determining the required power rating.

3.3 Frequency

The frequency of the electrical supply plays a significant role in selecting a high voltage transformer. Transformers are designed to operate efficiently at specific frequencies, typically 50 or 60 Hz. Ensure that the transformer's frequency rating matches that of your application to avoid compatibility issues and efficiency losses.

3.4 Efficiency and Losses

Efficiency is an important consideration when choosing a high voltage transformer. Higher efficiency transformers minimize energy losses, resulting in reduced operating costs and environmental impact. Look for transformers with high efficiency ratings and low losses to optimize performance and energy consumption.

3.5 Size and Dimensional Constraints

Consider the available space and dimensional constraints when selecting a high voltage transformer. Ensure that the transformer fits within the designated area and can be easily integrated into your system or equipment. Opt for compact designs or customized solutions if space is limited.

3.6 Insulation and Dielectric Strength

Insulation and dielectric strength are critical factors for ensuring safe and reliable operation of high voltage transformers. Choose transformers with appropriate insulation materials and high dielectric strength to prevent electrical breakdown and ensure insulation integrity.

3.7 Cooling Mechanisms

Efficient cooling is essential for maintaining the optimal operating temperature of high voltage transformers. Consider the cooling mechanism, such as air or liquid cooling, based on your application's requirements. Adequate cooling ensures prolonged transformer lifespan and avoids overheating issues.

3.8 Safety Standards and Certifications

Ensure that the high voltage transformer you choose complies with relevant safety standards and certifications. Look for certifications like UL, CE, or ISO to ensure that the transformer meets industry standards for safety, performance, and reliability.

4. Different Types of High Voltage Transformers

4.1 Step-Up Transformers

Step-up transformers increase the voltage level of the input electrical supply to a higher level at the output. They are commonly used in power transmission and distribution systems to step up the voltage for long-distance transmission.

4.2 Step-Down Transformers

Step-down transformers decrease the voltage level of the input electrical supply to a lower level at the output. They are frequently used in applications where lower voltage levels are required, such as residential power distribution or equipment operation.

4.3 Isolation Transformers

Isolation transformers provide electrical isolation between the input and output circuits. They are commonly used in sensitive equipment and medical applications to prevent electrical noise, ground loops, and voltage spikes.

4.4 Autotransformers

Autotransformers have a single winding that acts as both the primary and secondary winding. They are more compact and cost-effective compared to traditional transformers but may have limited isolation capabilities.

4.5 Variable Transformers

Variable transformers, also known as variacs, allow for adjustable output voltage levels. They are commonly used in applications where variable voltage outputs are required, such as testing and experimental setups.

4.6 Resonant Transformers

Resonant transformers are specifically designed for high-frequency applications. They utilize the resonance phenomenon to achieve efficient power transfer at specific frequencies.

5. Application-Specific Considerations

5.1 Medical and Healthcare Applications

High voltage transformers used in medical and healthcare applications must meet stringent safety standards and regulations. Consider factors such as patient safety, electrical noise, and equipment compatibility when selecting a transformer for medical devices, MRI machines, or X-ray systems.

5.2 Industrial and Manufacturing Applications

Industrial and manufacturing applications often require high voltage transformers for powering heavy machinery, motors, and equipment. Consider factors such as power ratings, efficiency, and reliability to ensure smooth operation and avoid downtime.

5.3 Power Generation and Distribution Applications

Power generation and distribution utilities require high voltage transformers for efficient transmission and distribution of electrical energy. Consider factors such as load demand, voltage regulation, and environmental conditions when choosing transformers for power substations and distribution networks.

5.4 Research and Laboratory Applications

Research and laboratory applications often require specialized high voltage transformers for experiments, testing, and scientific studies. Consider factors such as voltage precision, stability, and compatibility with other laboratory equipment when selecting transformers for research purposes.

5.5 Aerospace and Defense Applications

Aerospace and defense applications require high voltage transformers that meet stringent performance, reliability, and safety requirements. Consider factors such as weight restrictions, space limitations, and extreme environmental conditions when choosing transformers for aerospace and defense equipment.

6. FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

6.1 What is the purpose of a high voltage transformer?

A high voltage transformer is used to convert electrical energy between different voltage levels, allowing for efficient power transmission, equipment operation, and voltage regulation.

6.2 How do I determine the voltage requirements for my application?

Consult the specifications of your equipment or system to determine the required input and output voltage levels. Consider factors such as load requirements, safety standards, and compatibility with other components.

6.3 What safety standards should a high voltage transformer comply with?

High voltage transformers should comply with industry standards such as UL, CE, or ISO to ensure safety, performance, and reliability. Additionally, consider specific safety requirements relevant to your application, such as medical device regulations or aerospace standards.

6.4 Can I customize a high voltage transformer for my specific needs?

Yes, many manufacturers offer customization options for high voltage transformers. Consult with a reputable transformer manufacturer to discuss your specific requirements and explore customized solutions.

6.5 How do I ensure efficient cooling of a high voltage transformer?

Choose a cooling mechanism based on your application's requirements, such as air or liquid cooling. Ensure proper ventilation and cooling infrastructure to maintain optimal operating temperatures and prevent overheating.

7. Conclusion: Making the Right Choice for Your High Voltage Transformer Needs

Choosing the right high voltage transformer is crucial for achieving optimal performance, safety, and reliability in your application. Consider factors such as voltage requirements, power rating, efficiency, and application-specific considerations to make an informed decision. Consult with reputable transformer manufacturers and suppliers to explore customized solutions that meet your specific needs. By selecting the perfect high voltage transformer, you can ensure seamless operation and enhance the overall efficiency of your electrical system or equipment.

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